Hip-Hops Musical Evolution of Rap Essay example -- The History Of Rap

The hip-hop culture began in the streets of New York City during the 1970’s and has gone through tremendous changes up until now. Hip-Hop consists of four elements: rap, graffiti, break-dancing, and the disc jockey. In this paper, I intend to fully explain the evolution of rap music, from its infancy to the giant industry it is today. Hip-Hop emerged in the 1970’s upon the arrival of a one Kool DJ Herc. Kool DJ Herc migrated to the United States from Kingston, Jamaica and settled in the West Bronx of New York. Kool DJ Herc was a disc jockey that attempted to incorporate his Jamaica style of disc jockeying, which involved reciting improvised rhymes over reggae records. Unfortunately for Kool DJ Herc New York seemed uninterested in reggae at that time. This forced Kool DJ Herc to find another appealing sound in order to please his audiences, which he did. Kool DJ Herc adapted a new style, which involved him by chanting over the instrumental or percussion sections of the popular music of the day. He learned that by taking two identical records using an audio mixer, that he could play any segment over and over, there fore extending one segment for entire song (Light, 1999). In the early 1970’s and with the emergence of disc jockeys such as Kool DJ Herc, hip-hop began to spread through urban areas of New York like â€Å"wild fire.† Kool DJ Herc, who actually coined the term â€Å"hip hop,† began to realize that this was the beginning of a new genre (Light, 1999). As this phenomena evolved the party shouts became more elaborate, d jays began to incorporate little rhymes such as â€Å"throw your hands in the air and raise ‘em like you just don’t care.† With regards to Kool DJ Herc, as he progressed eventually... ...ted Light, Alan. Vibe History of Hip Hop. Book & CD ed. New York: Three Rivers Press, October 1999. Scott, Cathy. The Murder of Biggie Smalls. 1 ed. St. Martins Press (Trade), October 2000 Ogg, Alex., David Upshal., and Alexander Ogg. The Hip Hop Years: The History of Hip Hop. Book & CD ed. Trans Atlantic Publications, Inc. September 1999. Scott, Cathy. The Killing of Tupac Shakur. 1 ed. Huntington Press; September 1997 Rose, Tricia. Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America (Music and Culture). 1ed. Wesleyan University Press; May 1994 Brewster, Bill and Frank Broughton. Last Night a Dj Saved My Life: The History of the Disc Jockey; Grove Press; August 2000 Perkins, William Eric. Droppin’ Science: Critical Essay on Rap Music and Hip Hop Culture (Critical Perspectives of the Past). Temple University Press, October 1, 1995 Hip-Hop's Musical Evolution of Rap Essay example -- The History Of Rap The hip-hop culture began in the streets of New York City during the 1970’s and has gone through tremendous changes up until now. Hip-Hop consists of four elements: rap, graffiti, break-dancing, and the disc jockey. In this paper, I intend to fully explain the evolution of rap music, from its infancy to the giant industry it is today. Hip-Hop emerged in the 1970’s upon the arrival of a one Kool DJ Herc. Kool DJ Herc migrated to the United States from Kingston, Jamaica and settled in the West Bronx of New York. Kool DJ Herc was a disc jockey that attempted to incorporate his Jamaica style of disc jockeying, which involved reciting improvised rhymes over reggae records. Unfortunately for Kool DJ Herc New York seemed uninterested in reggae at that time. This forced Kool DJ Herc to find another appealing sound in order to please his audiences, which he did. Kool DJ Herc adapted a new style, which involved him by chanting over the instrumental or percussion sections of the popular music of the day. He learned that by taking two identical records using an audio mixer, that he could play any segment over and over, there fore extending one segment for entire song (Light, 1999). In the early 1970’s and with the emergence of disc jockeys such as Kool DJ Herc, hip-hop began to spread through urban areas of New York like â€Å"wild fire.† Kool DJ Herc, who actually coined the term â€Å"hip hop,† began to realize that this was the beginning of a new genre (Light, 1999). As this phenomena evolved the party shouts became more elaborate, d jays began to incorporate little rhymes such as â€Å"throw your hands in the air and raise ‘em like you just don’t care.† With regards to Kool DJ Herc, as he progressed eventually... ...ted Light, Alan. Vibe History of Hip Hop. Book & CD ed. New York: Three Rivers Press, October 1999. Scott, Cathy. The Murder of Biggie Smalls. 1 ed. St. Martins Press (Trade), October 2000 Ogg, Alex., David Upshal., and Alexander Ogg. The Hip Hop Years: The History of Hip Hop. Book & CD ed. Trans Atlantic Publications, Inc. September 1999. Scott, Cathy. The Killing of Tupac Shakur. 1 ed. Huntington Press; September 1997 Rose, Tricia. Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America (Music and Culture). 1ed. Wesleyan University Press; May 1994 Brewster, Bill and Frank Broughton. Last Night a Dj Saved My Life: The History of the Disc Jockey; Grove Press; August 2000 Perkins, William Eric. Droppin’ Science: Critical Essay on Rap Music and Hip Hop Culture (Critical Perspectives of the Past). Temple University Press, October 1, 1995

Comparison of ‘Bayonet Charge’ and ‘Belfast Confetti’ Essay

Both ‘Belfast Confetti’ and ‘Bayonet Charge’ present individuals caught up in conflicts. However, the speaker in ‘Belfast Confetti’ is a civilian whereas ‘Bayonet Charge’ the subject is a soldier who has chosen to go to war. Carson is writing about a topic he knows well as he is an Irish poet living during the Troubles in Northern Ireland. Hughes is imagining what it must have been like for a soldier in World War One. The speaker in ‘Belfast Confetti’ is right in the middle of the action – ‘Suddenly as the riot squad moved in†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and is caught up in the streets of Belfast during a bomb scare. He is panicking because he cannot escape the ‘labyrinth’ of the streets although he knows them very well. Calling the streets a ‘labyrinth’ is a metaphor which shows the confusion and panic he feels as a labyrinth is something you cannot get out of. Carson uses punctuation as a metaphor for the riot squad itself as they block the streets and stop the speaker escaping: ‘blocked with stops and colons’. This is effective because punctuation is used to control and give order to a sentence and this is what the riot squad are trying to do in the chaos of the city. Carson also uses punctuation as a metaphor for shrapnel, saying that it is ‘raining exclamation marks’ which is the metal objects the IRA would pack into their homemade bombs. This is effective because exclamation marks look a bit like lethal weapons because they are thin and sharp like a tomahawk. The speaker feels trapped not only by the riot itself but he is trapped in the political situation of the time. The two sides were trying to resolve conflict but couldn’t find a way to communicate without returning to violence. So Carson using language and punctuation to represent the conflict is effective. He struggles to communicate: ‘I was trying to complete a sentence in my head, but it kept stuttering’. This metaphor gets across the sound of gunfire and the speaker’s struggle to express and communicate the chaos of the situation. It could even be a metaphor for the Troubles themselves. In the same way as Carson, Hughes lands the reader right in the middle of the  action, beginning the poem with ‘Suddenly†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ which creates the same blunt, startled effect that the soldier himself must have felt as he began his bayonet charge. By keeping the soldier anonymous, Hughes makes it seem as if this experience was universal among soldiers who fought in the First World War. He was not a soldier poet himself, unlike Owen, so the powerful images he uses conjure up the energy and physicality and terror the soldier feels. The simile ‘sweating like molten iron from the centre of his chest’ describes vividly the heat and intensity of pounding through ‘shot slashed furrows’ charging at the enemy and facing death. Ironically, any bullet which may kill the soldier would also cut through his flesh but from outside his body, so this ‘molten iron’ coming from his insides creates an awkward parallel which makes us think of the death he is facing. Both poets use enjambed lines, but Carson’s poem is more chaotic and stuttering because of the caesuras in it, whereas Hughes’s is more fluid. Carson breaks up his lines and has a mixture of short and long lines because they represent the streets being blocked as he tries to get down them. Although Hughes uses caesuras too, the effect is different. Because Carson is using punctuation as a metaphor you notice it more and it is more powerful, whereas in Hughes’s poem the caesuras make it more narrative. Also, the caesuras in Hughes’s poem are disguised because the stanzas a re more regular. Neither of the poems use any rhyme. Rhyme can sometimes suggest harmony as the sounds match, but Carson is trying to stress the division in the city and the blunt, aggressive and violent events. In Hughes’s poem the lack of rhyme is perhaps because the man has just ‘jumped up’ and is running in a bewildered way, so again, rhyming would be too neat and ordered to effectively convey this chaotic and panicked experience.

6 Alternative Dinosaur Extinction Theories